hluav taws xob dipole moment

Cov kab txuas ob lub ntsiab lus them nqi +q thiab -q yog hu ua axis ntawm hluav taws xob dipole. Thaum qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ib qho chaw nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab rau ob lub ntsiab lus them nqi ntau dua qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv, taw tes ntawm -q rau Cov khoom ntawm vector vojvoog r ntawm +q thiab cov hluav taws xob ntau q txhais tau tias yog lub sijhawm hluav taws xob ntawm hluav taws xob dipole, tseem hu ua lub sijhawm hluav taws xob dipole.