Keeb kwm ntawm Maxwell' s Txoj cai faib cov lus tshaj tawm
Xyoo 1859, JC Maxwell thawj zaug tau txais txoj cai faib tawm ntawm cov roj molecule nrawm, thiab tom qab ntawd, nws tau ncaj qha los ntawm kev sib tsoo txoj kev xav rau L. Boltzmann. Yog li ntawd, nws tseem muaj npe tom qab James Maxwell thiab Ludwig Boltzmann. Cov pa roj lev zoo nyob hauv kev sib luag mus rau ntau qhov sib txawv. Vim yog kev sib tsoo, qhov ceev ntawm txhua lub lwg me hloov pauv tsis tu ncua, muab cov lwg me me ntawm ntau qhov nrawm. Vim tias tus lej ntawm cov lwg me me muaj ntau thiab qhov loj thiab cov lus taw qhia ntawm molecular tshaj tawm yog random, nws tsis tuaj yeem paub ntau npaum li cas cov lwg me me muaj qee qhov tshaj tawm υ, tab sis nws yog qhov paub tias muaj pes tsawg molecules muaj qhov tshaj tawm ntawm υ1 thiab υ2. Maxwell thawj zaug tau txais qhov feem ntawm cov lej ntawm cov lwg me me uas faib rau hauv txhua tus nqi υ ~ υ + dυ rau tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm cov molecules thaum sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov roj molecules tsis lees paub hauv lub xeev qhov sib npaug.