Taw qhia rau Hluav Taws Xob Tshav Kub Tshav Kub
Ib qhov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov kub yog qhov txheej txheem hloov cua sov ntawm ob yam khoom uas muaj qhov kub sib txawv thiab tsis sib kov sib dhau los ntawm hluav taws xob tsis muaj hluav taws xob.
Hluav taws xob kub hloov hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb hloov txauv cua sov hauv ntau yam khoom siv cua sov xws li cov chaw rau khoom cua sov thiab lub rhaub dej kub. Muaj ob hom teeb meem tshwm sim: hluav taws xob cua sov hloov ntawm cov chaw ruaj khov, uas nyob ntawm hluav taws xob lub kaum ntse ntse F thiab tus nqi ntawm cov xim dub ε; radiant tshav kub hloov los ntawm cov roj thiab cov khoom ua tau zoo dua, ntxiv rau F thiab ε qhov tseem ceeb, kuj ua tuab ntawm cov roj Thiab nws qhov dub.