Cov kws tshaj lij De Broglie, Schrödinger, Heisenberg, thiab lwm yam, tom qab 13 xyoos ntawm kev ua qauv qhia tsis zoo, tau piav qhia txog ntau yam teeb meem rau cov teeb meem kom zoo rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov qauv tshiab quantum mechanical qauv thiab Bohr atomic qauv. Cov tub ntxhais yog Wave Dynamics. Hauv Bohr atomic qauv, lub orbit tsuas muaj ib tus lej quantum (tus thawj xibfwb quantum tus naj npawb), tab sis cov qauv kev niaj hnub quantum qhia txog ntau tus lej quantum [7] [13].
① Tus thawj xibfwb quantum (tus thawj xibfwb quantum naj npawb), tus naj npawb hauv lub tuam txhab loj txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob, npe K, L, M, N, O, P, Q.
②Angular quantum tooj (cov naj npawb xov tooj), cov naj npawb angular txiav txim siab sib txawv qib zog, cim" l" muaj n qhov tseem ceeb (1, 2, 3, ... n-1), thiab cov cim yog s, p, d, f, g, txhais tau tias rau ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, lub xeev ntawm kev txav ntawm hluav taws xob muaj feem xyuam rau l Cov.
③ Cov hlau nplaum quantum tooj (sib nqus quantum tooj) Lub zog sib nqus quantum txiav txim qhov orbits ntawm qib sib txawv, lub cim" m" (saib" Magnetic Moment" hauv qab). Tsuas yog pab tau thaum siv daim teb sib nqus. Qhov peb muaj nuj nqis" n" ;," l" thiab" m" txiav txim siab qhov tawm suab ntawm lub atom.
④ Qoos sib nqus qhov ntau thiab tsawg (tig mqn) cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tib lub voj voos muaj ob hom kev kiv, uas yog, lub ntsiab ntawm" ↑ G" kiv tshwm sim tseem nyob rau hauv kev sib tham.