Hnub ci zaj duab xis hluav taws xob
Lub hnub yug ntawm lub hnub ci puv hnub hloov tag nrho lub neej ntawm peb lub hnub ci liab hauv lub hnub, thiab txoj cai ntawm cov hluav taws kub rwb ntawm lub hnub ci duab tsis yog los ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb ntawm kev kuaj, tab sis nws yog qhov yuam kev ntawm ib tus neeg tsim khoom zoo heev. Tus neeg tsim khoom yog Thomas Alva Edison, uas yog lub npe hu ua "tus vaj ntxwv ntawm lub ntiaj teb tus tsim." Nyob rau hauv 1888, tom qab Edison tau tsim lub phonograph, nws tig nws lub ntsej muag rau zaj duab xis R & D. Thaum lub sij hawm sim, nws coj ib tug duab ntawm cov duab thiab pom lawv sai thiab tsis tu ncua ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam los tsim lub illusion ntawm txav mus. Cov vectors ntawm cov duab no Nws yog qhov zoo-paub "zaj duab xis". Nyob rau lub sij hawm no, nws nrhiav tau ib qho tshwm sim zoo heev, uas yog, zaj duab xis uas tseem tuaj zog thiab muaj zog thaum tshav kub kub, ntxaum xim, qhov ntau nws tuaj yeem thaiv lub tshav kub tawm ntawm lub teeb tawm. Edison nco txog qhov kev tshawb nrhiav no hauv nws daim ntawv teev num. Nws yog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev tshawb nrhiav qhov tseeb uas muab tso rau lub hauv paus theem pib rau lub hnub qub.
Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub solar zaj duab xis technology, aluminium, kub, tooj liab, silver thiab lwm yam hlau yog feem ntau ua rau hauv txheej ntawm high-insulation hlau zaj duab xis los ntawm lub plua tshauv los yog magnetron sputtering [1]. Cov electrons (dawb electrons) nyob hauv txheej txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom hlau yog feem ntau tsis yog txuam ntawm cov keeb. Thaum lub teeb pom kev ntawm lub teeb tsis muaj zog, hluav taws xob ntawm lub teeb nthwv dej ua rau cov dawb electrons nqus lub zog ntawm lub teeb, thiab oscillation ntawm tib zaus raws li lub teeb raug generated, thiab oscillation tso tawm dua. Lub teeb ntawm tib lub zaus raws li lub teeb hu ua reflection ntawm lub teeb. Qhov ntau dua cov conductivity ntawm cov hlau, tus yuavower qhov tob tob thiab qhov siab dua ntawm kev ywj pheej. Cov txheej hauv cov hlau no ua raws li cov thermal ntau lub zog nyob hauv lub hnub, nrog rau sab nrauv, ultraviolet, thiab pom cua sov, thiab mam li muab cov xim ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab kom nqus hnub ci hluav taws xob, thiab tom qab ntawd tso nws ob zaug, nrog sab nrauv ib co ntawm lub tshav kub, uas zoo ua raws li ib tug kub insulator.
Hlau txig cov ntaub ntawv rau kev ua phem los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau siv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm high conductivity xws li kub, nyiaj, txhuas thiab tooj liab. Cov kev xav tau ntawm ntau cov yeeb yam thev duab ntawm ntau lub wavelengths yog raws li nram no:
Hlau Hom 800nm Reflectance% 650nm Reflectance% 500nm Reflectance%
Aluminium Aluminium 86.7 90.5 91.8
Silver Silver 9.2 98.8 97.9
Kub kub 98.0 95.5 47.7
Copper Copper 98.1 96.6 60.0