Phase thiab theem hloov txhais
Cov txheej txheem cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev thermodynamic equilibrium tuaj yeem yog homogeneous hom uas muaj cov khoom sib xws ntawm lub zog thiab tshuaj txhua qhov chaw; nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm cov qhov sib txawv nrog cov ciaj ciam uas muaj kev sib cais, thiab muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ntawm txhua ntu; txhua ntu Ib qho tsis sib thooj hu ua theem. Cov txheej txheem qub yog hu ua txheej txheem ib-theem; tom kawg system yog hu ua complex system. Cov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim ntawm cov qib sib txawv yog hu ua kev hloov theem.