Cov hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke ntau tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm microprocessor lossis ntau lub khoos phis tawm, uas tuaj yeem tswj tau txhua yam ntawm lub computer mus rau lub xov tooj ntawm tes mus rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob digital microwave. Txawm hais tias tus nqi tsim qauv thiab tsim kho ib puag ncig sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov siab heev, tus nqi ntawm txhua qhov kev sib koom ua ke tsawg kawg nkaus thaum nws kis thoob ntau lab ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm kev sib txuam yog qhov siab heev, vim hais tias lub me me nqa txoj kev luv, yog li cov hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj zog cav yuav siv tau ntawm kev hloov ceev.
Xyoo dhau los, kev sib xyaw ua ke tau txuas ntxiv txhim kho mus rau qhov me me, cia txhua lub nti ntim ntau lub voj voog. Qhov no nce lub peev txheej rau ib cheeb tsam, uas tuaj yeem txo cov nqi thiab nce kev ua haujlwm. Saib Moore txoj cai lij choj, tus naj npawb ntawm transistors hauv qhov sib xyaw kev sib ncig yog ob zaug txhua 1.5 xyoo. Hauv ntej, nrog qhov ntsws me me ntawm qhov ntev ntawm sab nraud, yuav luag txhua qhov ntsuas tau zoo dua qub, tus nqi hauv chav thiab hloov fais fab kev noj tau poob qis, thiab qhov nrawm tau nce ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, IC rau cov khoom siv nanoscale tseem muaj teeb meem, feem ntau yog to tam sim no. Yog li ntawd, qhov nce ntawm kev nrawm thiab lub zog noj rau qhov kawg neeg siv yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, thiab cov tuam ntxhab ntsib cov kev sib tw ntawm kev siv geometries zoo dua. Tus txheej txheem no thiab cov kev nce qib tau npaj siab nyob rau ob peb xyoos tom ntej no tau zoo piav nyob rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob semiconductor thoob ntiaj teb siv tshuab.
Tsuas yog ib nrab xyoo tom qab nws txoj kev txhim kho, kev sib xyaw sib xyaw ua ke tau dhau los, thiab khoos phis tawj, lub xov tooj ntawm tes thiab lwm yam khoom siv digital tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv kev sib raug zoo. Qhov no vim tias niaj hnub siv kev suav, kev sib txuas lus, kev tsim khoom thiab tsheb thauj mus los, suav nrog Is Taws Nem, tag nrho cov cia siab rau lub hav zoov ntawm kev sib xyaw. Txawm tias ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg hais tias txoj kev hloov digital tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv tib neeg keeb kwm. Kev loj hlob ntawm IC yuav coj tau lub siab zoo dhau los rau hauv thev naus laus zis, txawm tias nws yog hauv kev tsim qauv thev naus laus zis los yog cov txheej txheem ncua kev kawm, ob qho tib si cuam tshuam zoo.