Proton thiab Neutron Ua Ke

Yuánzǐ zhōng suǒyǒu de zhízǐ hé zhōng zǐ jiéhé qǐlái jiù xíngchéngle yīgè hěn xiǎo de yuánzǐhé, tāmen yīqǐ yě kěyǐ bèi chēng wèi hézǐ. Yuánzǐhé de bànjìng yuē děngyú 1.07 × A ^ 1/3 fm, qízhōng A shì hézǐ de zǒngshù. Yuánzǐ bànjìng de shùliàngjí dàyuē shì 105fm, yīncǐ yuánzǐhé de bànjìng yuǎn xiǎoyú yuánzǐ de bànjìng. Hézǐ bèi néng zài duǎn jùlí shàng qǐ zuòyòng de cánliú qiánglì shùfù zài yīqǐ. Dāng jùlí xiǎoyú 2.5Fm de shíhòu, qiánglì yuǎnd yyújìng diànlì, yīncǐ tā nénggòu kèfú dài zhèng diàn de zhízǐ jiān de xiānghù páichì. Tóng zhǒng yuánsù de yuánzǐ dài yǒu xiāngtóng shùliàng de zhízǐ, zhège shù yě bèi chēng zuò yuánzǐ xùshù. Ìr duìyú mǒu zhǒng tèdìng de yuánsù, zhōng zǐ shù shì kěyǐ biànhuà de, zhè yě jiù juédìngle gāi yuánzǐ shì zhè zhǒng yuánsù de nǎ yī zhǒng tóngwè. Zhízǐ shùliàng hé zhōng zǐ shùliàng juédìngle gāi yuánzǐ shì zhè zhǒng yuánsù de nǎ yī zhǒng hé sù. Zhōng zǐ shù juédìngle gāi yuánzǐ de wěndìng chéngdù, yīxiē tóngwèisù nénggòu zìfā jìnxíng fàngshèxìng shuāibiàn. Zhōng zǐ hé zhízǐ dōu shì fèi mǐzi de yī zhǒng, gēnjù liàngzǐ lìxué zhōng de pào lì bù xiāng róng yuánlǐ, ​​bù kěnéng yǒu wánquán xiāngtóng de liǎng gí tèng ǎǎǎèèèàǒààà à Yīncǐ, yuánzǐhé zhōng de měi yīgè zhízǐ dōu zhànyòng bùtóng de néng jí, zh zng zǐ de qíngkuàng yě cǔ xiāngtóng. Bùguò pào lì bù xiāng róng yuánlǐ bìng méiyǒu jìnzhǐ yīgè zhízǐ hé yīgè zhōng zǐ yǒngyǒu xiāngtóng de liàngzǐ tài. Rúguǒ yīgè yuánzǐhé de zhízǐǐùùé zǐ sh..................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,. Yīncǐ, zhízǐ shù hé zhōng zǐ shù xiāngtóng huò hěn xiāngjìn de yuánzǐ gèngjiā bù róngyì shuāibiàn. Rán' ér, d ,ng yuánzǐ xùshù zhúúàēēííííííīíííhīhh........ .Àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà. Yīncǐ, dāng yuánzǐ xùshù dà yú 20 shí, jiù bùnéng zhǎodào yīgè zhízǐ shù yǔ zhōng zǐ shù xiāngděng ér yòu wěndìng de yuánzǐhéle. Suízhe Z de zēngjiā, zhōng zǐ hé zhízǐ de bǐlì zhújiàn qū yú 1.5. Hé jùbiàn shìyìtú, tú zhōng liǎng gè zhízǐ jùbiàn shēngchéng yīgè bāohán yǒgè zhízǐ hé yīgè zhōng zǐ de dāo yuánǐ .ǐ. .Ìǐūūūūūūūūūūūūūūūūūūūǐūūǐǐǐǐǐǐǐǐǐǐǐ. Yǔ cǐ xiāngfǎn de guòchéng shì hé lièbiàn. Rúguǒ hé jùbiàn hòu chǎnshēng de yuánnīǐéhhhǎǎǎǎ............................................................................................................................................... Zhège chābié shíjì shì yuánzǐhé zhī jiān de jiéhé néng, duìyú liǎng gè yuánzǐ xùshù zài tiě huò niè zhīqián de yuánzǐhé lái shuō. Zài a lìzǐ sǎnshè shíyàn zhōng, rénmen fāxiàn, yuánzǐ de zhìliàng jízhōng yú yīgè hěn xiǎo qiě dài zhèng diàn de wùzhí zhōng, zhè jiùshì yuánzǐ. Yuánzǐhé yě chòng zuò hézǐ, yóu yuánzǐ zhōng suǒyǒu de zhízǐ hé zhōng zǐ zǔchéng, yuánzǐhé de bànjìng yuē děngyú 1.07 × A ^ 1/3 fm, qízhōng A shì. Yuánzǐ bànjìng de shùliàngjí dàyuē shì 105fm, yīncǐ yuánzǐhé de bànjìng yuǎn xiǎoyú yuánzǐ de bànjìng. 展开949/5000Txhua cov protons thiab neutrons hauv ib qho atom txuas los ua cov keeb me me, thiab ua ke lawv kuj tuaj yeem hu ua nucleons. Qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub xaim hluav taws xob yog kwv yees sib npaug rau 1.07 × A ^ 1/3 fm, qhov twg A yog tag nrho ntawm cov keeb. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub atomic vojvoog yog kwv yees li 105 fm, yog li lub voos kheej-kheej ntev me dua cov hluav taws xob ntawm lub atom. Lub nuclei tau khi ua ke los ntawm cov quab yuam muaj zog uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kev ncua deb. Thaum qhov kev ncua deb tsawg dua 2.5fm, lub zog muaj ntau dua li ntawm lub zog electrostatic, yog li nws tuaj yeem kov yeej qhov kev sib nrig sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv zoo.
Atoms ntawm tib lub zog muaj tib tus lej ntawm protons, thiab tus lej no tseem hu ua atomic number. Rau ib qho tshwj xeeb, pes tsawg tus ntawm neutrons tuaj yeem sib txawv, uas txiav txim siab qhov twg isotope ntawm lub caij lub atom yog. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov protons thiab neutrons txiav txim siab txog hom twg ntawm qhov atom. Tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons txiav txim siab qhov ruaj ntseg ntawm atom, thiab qee isotopes tuaj yeem tuaj yeem txog kev xaim hluav taws xob. Neutrons thiab protons yog ob qho tib si hom ntawm fermions. Raws li Pauli kev cais tawm hauv lub ntsiab lus hauv quantum mechanics, nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau rau ob qhov kev ntsuas los ua kom muaj tib lub cev hauv lub cev tib lub sijhawm tib lub sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, txhua qhov proton hauv lub nucleus nyob rau theem sib txawv lub zog, thiab tib yam muaj tseeb rau cov neutrons. Tab sis Pauli txoj kev cais tawm txoj cai tsis txwv cov proton thiab neutron los ntawm muaj tib lub xeev quantum.
Yog tias tus naj npawb ntawm protons thiab neutrons ntawm ib qho atomic nucleus tsis zoo ib yam, ces lub nucleus yog nquag mus rau radioactive decay mus rau qis zog ntawm lub zog thiab ua rau cov naj npawb ntawm protons thiab neutrons zoo sib xws. Yog li ntawd, cov atoms uas muaj cov qub lossis zoo sib xws ntawm cov protons thiab neutrons tsis tshua muaj kev lwj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov naj npawb atomic nce zuj zus, vim hais tias qhov quab yuam quab yuam ntawm protons nce, ntau dua neutron xav tau los tswj lub zog tag nrho, uas cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem saum no. Yog li no, thaum cov lej atomic ntau dua 20, lub qes khov nrog cov qub ntawm cov protons thiab neutrons tsis tuaj yeem pom. Raws li Z nce, qhov piv ntawm neutrons rau protons maj nyhav rau 1.5.
Ib daim duab schematic ntawm nuclear fusion. Hauv daim duab, ob lub protons fused los ua deuterium nucleus uas muaj ib qho proton thiab ib lub neutron, thiab tso tawm cov positron (antimatter ntawm electron) thiab electron neutrino. Cov txheej txheem rov qab yog nuclear fission.
Yog hais tias qhov loj ntawm lub nruab nrab atomic nucleus ua tom qab nuclear fusion yog tsawg dua qhov tawm ntawm cov atomic masses ua ntej kev fusion, tom qab ntawd raws li Einstein' s mass-energy equation, cov huab hwm coj sib txawv no tso tawm ua lub zog. Qhov sib txawv no yog qhov tseeb kev siv lub zog ntawm nuclei, rau ob lub nuclei nrog cov atomic tooj ua ntej hlau lossis npib tsib xee.
Hauv kev sim alpha particle scattering, cov neeg pom tias qhov loj ntawm atom yog nyob rau hauv cov kua tshuaj me me thiab zoo, uas yog lub nucleus.
Lub xaim no kuj hu ua lub keeb thiab muaj txhua lub protons thiab neutrons hauv atom. Qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub xaim hluav taws xob yog kwv yees li ntawm 1.07 × A ^ 1/3 fm, qhov twg A yog tag nrho ntawm cov keeb. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub atomic vojvoog yog kwv yees li 105 fm, yog li lub voos kheej-kheej ntev me dua cov hluav taws xob ntawm lub atom.