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Cov ntawv sib dhos tuaj yeem txuas rau lub hom phiaj los ntawm covalent daim ntawv cog lus los yog los ntawm cov tsis muaj cov sib txig sib zog sib koom nrog cov kev sib txuam ntawm cov enzymes thiab coenzymes, enzymes thiab substrates, tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab haptens, thiab daim nyias nyias thiab steroids. Tus txheej txheem kiv kiv tau siv dav dav los kawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm biopolymers, cov qauv ntawm thaj chaw nquag ntawm cov enzymes, cov qauv ntawm liposomes thiab biofilms, thiab kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv immunoassays.